National Electrical Code Articles and Information

1. [250.136]. Grounded (bonded).
    

2. [250.138]. By means of an equipment bonding conductor or a separate flexible wire or strap.
    

3. [250.140]. Yes, if certain conditions prevail. See the full requirements for range bonding in 250.140.
    

4. [250.142]. Generally, no. Ranges are one exception. For the others, read 250.142.
    

5. [250.148]. Configure things such that removing the receptacle (or other device) from the box does not interfere with or interrupt the grounding continuity. The standard answer to this is to pigtail.