National Electrical Code Articles and Information

1. It's about equipment bonding and bonding conductors (not equipment grounding and grounding conductors as stated). By bonding equipment, you remove differences in potential. We do this with the Equipment Grounding Conductor (EGC), which isn't necessarily a hunk of wire.
    

2. See the definitions of grounding and bonding in Article 100. You do not want to ground load side equipment, as this achieves nothing.
    

3. [250.116]. Yes, connect those as well. While 250.118 lists specific equipment, nothing says you can't connect all equipment via bonding jumpers.
    

4. [250.118]. More. In fact, there are 14.
    

5. [250.119(A)]. 6AWG.